thus addressing this challenge merits attention.

In particular, it may not be immediately apparent to which importing party (specifically, which balancing service provider, or BSP) the reserve scarcity pricing adder would be paid (via the foreign TSO): it may not be possible to distinguish between BSP activation in the neighbouring control area for the purpose of managing its own imbalance from responding to reserve scarcity abroad. Thus, either all cross-border BSPs should get the full reserve scarcity pricing adder, or the value of the adder should be distributed across the cross-border BSPs in proportion to energy exported. Both cases lead to price distortion and a possible distortion of efficient dispatch.